先生为一代著名工程师,在旧中国堪称楷模,爰为文誌之。
A Brief Biography of Mr. Gong Jicheng
Gong Jicheng (Kung Chi-ch’eng in Wade-Giles Romanization), respectfully known in his adulthood as Junsheng (Chün-sheng), was born in July 8, 1900 in Haimen, Jiangsu. Upon graduating from Jiaotong University’s Tangshan Engineering College (now Southwest Jiaotong University), Department of Civil Engineering. In 1923, Jicheng served as an engineer at Jinpu Railway and Shenhai Railway. In 1929, he was assigned to be the leader of a survey team for Hangjiang Railway (later extended as Zhegan Railway) before becoming division-in-chief of No. 1 Grand Division after the project went into construction. During this project, Jicheng assisted in the survey of Qiantang River Bridge and drew up overall and detailed plans for the railway construction. In 1933, Jicheng took part in a Sino-Swedish scientific exploration in Xinjiang led by the Swedish explorer Sven Anders Hedin. The expedition lasted for two years, during which they overcame great difficulties to conduct surveys for two routes: one for a railway from Lanzhou to Xinjiang, the other for a north-south highway across the Tian Shan (Tien Shan) range. After the expedition, Jicheng was transferred to the Engineering Bureau of Longhai Railway and appointed as the division-in-chief of No. 1 Grand Division of Longhai Railway, responsible for its divisional construction from Xi’an to Xingping. The project included the erection of a 10-arch steel plate through-bridge more than 400 meters long over the Wei River in Xianyang. To meet the project deadline, Jicheng innovatively employed a high-pressure hydraulic jet to deal with the technical problems posed by the cobblestone riverbed. In 1937, Jicheng was designated by the Ministry of Railways to conduct another survey for a proposed railway to run from Baoji to Chengdu. This was the first time the method of railway aero-surveying was adopted in China. Jicheng led the team in surveying and comparing several lines crossing the Qin Ling (Tsinling Mountains). The rich and valuable mapping data they recorded greatly aided the location and construction of Baocheng Railway during the ensuing decade. After the survey, Jicheng became the deputy director of the Maintenance Department for National Railway Transportation. In the following year, he was transferred to the Technology Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, where he was in charge of the design work of the new routes. In 1939, he was appointed as the division-in-chief of No. 2 Grand Division of Dianmian Railway, an international railway that planned to link Kunming with Lashio, Burma. (The project began construction in 1938 but was never completed due to the Japanese invasion.)In 1940, Jicheng became the deputy engineer-in-chief of the Engineering Department of Xixiang Road, responsible for a 264km divisional construction running through Xikang Province (now the west of Sichuan and the east of Tibet). The total 525km Xixiang Road played a significant role for the transportation of much-needed war goods during the anti-Japanese War. Jicheng took only eight months to complete the assigned task, earning a circulated commendation by the Ministry of Communications for his careful planning and outstanding organization. In 1942, the Japanese overran Burma and seized Longling, a border county in Yunnan. The west division of Dianmian Railway was forced to a standstill; the Burma Road (from Kunming to Lashio) was also closed. As a result, all supplies to inland China from the outside world had to be transported by air. In the winter of 1942, Jicheng was appointed as the Chairman of the Construction Committee of Chenggong Airport in Yunnan Province and was responsible for the construction of a 2km airfield runway and 12 hardened aircraft shelters. The project was completed and put into service within 63 days. In 1943, the National Government and the Allies decided to reopen the Burma Road for the counterattack. As director general of Dianmian Railway and the director and the engineer-in-chief of the Maintenance Bureau of Burma Road, Jicheng was tasked with recovering the sections of the road that had been destroyed. His next project, according to a decision made by the National Government and the Allies, was to take part in building an international passage linking China and India. In this project, Jicheng took charge of the divisional construction of Baomi Road (from Baoshan, Yunnan to Myitkyina, Burma), which was part of the Sino-India Road (also known as the Stilwell Road or the Ledo Road). At the same time, he was in charge of the Baoshan-Myitkyna oil pipeline project, where an oil pipeline was laid parallel to Baomi Road to support the military supplies. In the same year, Jicheng was promoted to the position of engineer-in-chief of the Engineering Committee under the Central Military Commission. He was also the superintendent of the Engineering Department of Danzhu, Baishiyi, Jianyang, and other Military Airfields. In two years, with the assistance extended by Yan Jici of the National Academy of Peiping in Kunming, Jicheng designed and, after many trials, successfully produced the first theodolite in China. He was awarded the gold medal by the Ministry of Communications for making of the instrument, which greatly improved surveying work in war time. The Sino-India Road opened for transportation on January 19, 1945. The oil pipeline was also put into service on June 7, 1945, delivering oil to Kunming, Chenggong and other places. Gong Jicheng died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Kunming in November 22, 1945.